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EASTMAN TEACHING FILMS, 


Subsidiary of Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester 


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Foreword 


2 American College of Surgeons has 
long recognized the possibilities of the motion picture as a vital 
force in the dissemination of knowledge in the medical field. A 
few years ago it definitely committed itself to a program of pro- 
duction of suitable films. In considering how the program might 
be developed and carried out, the Medical Motion Picture Com- 
mittee of the College requested the cooperation of the Eastman 
Kodak Company. 

In the meantime the Eastman Kodak Company itself had been 
interested in the value of motion pictures asa purely educational 
agency, and, in 1926, it undertook an extensive experiment to 
determine the teaching value of films made expressly for class- 
_ room instruction. The results of the experiment were so gratify- 
ing that a separate company, Eastman Teaching Films, Inc., was 
formed to produce teaching films. 

Since the medical films contemplated by the American College 
of Surgeons were intended for teaching purposes in medical col- 
leges and allied institutions, as well as for scientific and profes- 
sional service to the medical profession, the program for the 
development of such films came within the scope of service con- 
templated by this new Kodak subsidiary. 

The fortunate combination of these two interests brought into 


[3] 


working cooperation the two essential factors for the develop- 
ment of scientific medical films of superior photographic quality. 
The American College of Surgeons, through its members, super- 
vises the preparation of scenarios and the editing of films with 
a view to. securing the most accurate scientific material as pic- 
ture content, while the Eastman organization, with its extensive 
photographic experience and facilities, brings to the enterprise 
the best and most modern technique in photographic processes. 

The films described in the following pages are the first fruits 
of this cooperative undertaking of the American College of 
Surgeons and Eastman Teaching Films, Inc. They have been 
made under the general supervision of an expert medical director 
retained by Eastman Teaching Films, Inc., in cooperation with 
outstanding authorities in various branches of the profession. 
The scenario and the actual photography of each film have been 
produced under the direction of a leading physician or surgeon. 
The ingenious and difficult animations, which add so much to the 
graphic nature and general effectiveness of the films, have been 
produced under the same direction. 

In addition to this careful and thorough professional supervi- 
sion of the various steps involved, each scenario and each film » 
have been examined and approved by the American College of 
Surgeons. 

The present films are offered to the medical schools and allied 
institutions, and to the medical profession, as a record of unusual 
significance, of the advances which science and research are in- 
augurating in the practice of medicine and surgery. They are a 
part of an extensive medical film library now in process of pro- 
duction, and additional films will be completed from time to time. 


{4} 


The 
Technique 
of Blood 


Trans fusion 
= 


Laboratory 
Technique 


Tus film, consisting of two reels, deals solely with 
technique, without any consideration of the indications for, and 
results of, transfusion. To show all techniques would be quite im- 
possible, henceonly one methodof blood grouping isshown,and one 
method of direct and indirect transfusion. The film was photo- 
graphed at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and 
Dentistry, where the transfusion methods shown in the film are 
used extensively. 

In the first reel considerable emphasis is placed onthe details and 
care necessary in blood matching, to insure compatibility and to 
avoid transfusion reactions. The Moss classification of blood 
groups is the only one used. Each step in the technique, from 
the obtaining of blood from donor and recipient, to grouping 
and cross agglutination, is clearly shown by actual photography. 

The second reel, composed mainly of actual photography, with 
a few explanatory animation scenes, shows clearly the technique 
of actual transfusion. One method of indirect transfusion and one 
of direct, are portrayed. In the latter case the Vincent Tube type 
of transfusion is shown. The details involved, together with pos- 
sible difficulties to be encountered, are duly emphasized. 

The picture emphasizes primarily the fundamentals of blood 


[5] 


Direct Transfusion 
—Vincent Tube 
Technique 


transfusion, stressing the need of care and attention to detail in 
matching, to avoid reactions. It is not intended to advocate one 
method more than another. The techniques shown are those used 
successfully in some of the largest clinics in the country. 


Indirect 
Inguinal 
Hernia 


e 
The Repair of a 


Hernia— 
Opening the Sac 


Tue subject of indirect inguinal hernia in the male 
is considered in three reels, and is complete in all respects. This 
film was produced under the direction of Dr. Daniel L. Borden, 


16] 


CONJOINE 
TENDON 


Anatomical 
Dissection of the 
Groin 


Professor of Surgery, George Washington University Medical 
School, Washington, D. C. 

ANATOMICAL ASPECT. The first reel considers the sub- 
ject from the anatomical aspect. The potential weakness of the 
inguinal region in the male, caused by the descent of the testes, 
is well portrayed by animated drawings. The rest of the reel shows, 
step by step, an anatomical dissection of the groin with special 
reference to the surgical anatomy. The dissection is supplemented 
by animated drawings for emphasis and clearness. 

CLINICAL ASPECT. In reel two, by an ingenious com- 
bination of animated drawings, double exposed into actual motion 
pictures, the clinical aspect of herniae is considered. Individual cases 
are used to emphasize again the surgical anatomy, the mechanism 
of descent and reduction of the hernia, strangulation, etc. 

OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE. To complete the subject, the 
third reel is composed of an actual motion picture showing the 
operative technique of a hernia repair. Only one type of repair is 
shown, the essential features for a cure as applied to any operation 
being stressed, rather than the particular type of operation. 

These three reels cover the subject of indirect inguinal hernia 
in an instructive and interesting manner. Each reel is complete 
in itself and may be purchased or rented independently of the 
other two reels. 


17] 


Intestinal 
Peristalsis 


e 


Peristalsis in the 
Small Bowel 


‘Tue normal intestinal movements are well shown in 
this film, which was photographed at the Mayo Clinic by Drs. 
Walter C. Alvarez and Arnold Zimmerman. Experimental animals, 
completely anesthetized, were used, their abdomens being opened 
under warm Ringer’s solution. 

The picture shows all types of ineeeaet peristalsis, clearly 
and at close range. It is a highly interesting film from the physio- 
logic standpoint. 


Another View 
Showing Peristalsis 
in Detail 


Diagnosis 
and 
Treatment 
of 
Infections 


of the Hand 


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ed) 


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Infection 
Spreading to the 
| Forearm 


Basen on the book “Infections of the Hand” by Dr. A.B. 
Kanavel, this film was produced under the author's direction and 
supervision. It portrays the subject both by direct photography 
and animated drawings. 

The film consists of three reels. The first of these introduces 
the subject by a detailed consideration of the anatomy of the hand, 
emphasis being placed on lymphatics, tendon sheaths, and fascial 
spaces. With this as a basis, the pathologic aspects are presented 
in detail, including portals of entry of infections, and pathways 


Cross Section 
Showing 
the Drainage of an 
Infection in the 
Forearm 


of extension in various parts of the hand and fingers. The various 
diagnostic points are reviewed, and the dangers of neglect and 
tardy treatment are emphasized by a graphic presentation of com- 
plications to be expected in such cases. The normal sequence is 
completed by therapeutic considerations. No photograph of an 
actual operation is shown, but the locations of incisions, as the 
best approach to various infected parts, are shown diagrammati- 
cally. The principles of post-operative treatment, such as heat, 
fixation and physiotherapy, are duly stressed. 

This subject, of prime importance to the surgeon, the medical 
student and the general practitioner, is comprehensively covered 


by this film. 


Rabies 


Photomicrograph 
Showing the 
Negri Body 


In view of the rather infrequent occurrence of rabies 
in this country, this actual photograph of a case in a young boy, 
was assembled to show the various clinical aspects of the disease. 
These are well exemplified by the patient, the case having been 
photographed five hours before death, when all the classical fea- 
tures except convulsions were evident. The case was admitted 
to the Cook County Hospital of Chicago, where it was photo- 
graphed under the direction of Dr. Julius H. Hess. ) 


[ 10 } 


The Rabies 


Patient's Aversion 
to Water 


Ectopic 
Heart 


oO} 


@ 


The Case Shown 
by Actual 
Photography 


Iw this one-reel film a remarkable case of ectopic heart 

is shown by actual photography combined with animated drawings. 
The picture is a visual record of a most unusual condition. The 
infant was born with complete absence of the sternum, with the 
diaphragm exposed, and the heart on the anterior aspect of the 
thorax, covered only by the pericardium. The baby lived twenty- 
eight hours and during this time the motion pictures were made. 
All the interesting features of the case are pointed out, supple- 


{rir} 


An X-ray of the 
Patient 


mented by X-rays, animated drawings, and the electrocardio- 
graphic record. Post-mortem findings are also shown, together 
with those in the case of the twin, a monstrosity born at the 
same time. 

In view of the comparative rarity of the condition, this film is 
of great interest to medical students and members of the pro- 
fession. The case was photographed at the Kansas City General 
Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri. 


: ‘Tus is a one reel film produced under the 
Simple direction of Dr. George W. Crile and is com- 
Goiter posed almost entirely of animated drawings. 

It considers the subject of goiter solely from 
the standpoint of the mechanical efforts of growth, with no 
attempt to cover the question of toxicity. 

The subject is introduced by a detailed presentation of the 
normal anatomy of the neck from the standpoint of thyroid sur- 
gery. It then considers the various positions assumed by the thy- 
roid in its growth, such as pyramidal lobe enlargement, the en- 


{12} 


Representation 
of a Goiter bya | 
Combination of 7 
Actual Photography | 
and Animation | 


largement of one lateral lobe, generalized enlargement, and sub- 
sternal goiter. With each type are pointed out the complications 
to be expected, such as displacement and compression of the 
trachea, and recurrent laryngeal nerves. All the various types of 
goiter are shown by animated drawings, accompanied by illus- 
trative cases and X-rays. 

The subjects of toxicity and differential diagnosis are not in- 
cluded, as consideration of these subjects has been left for films 
to be produced later. Similarly no operative technic is shown in 
the film described above. - 


PARTIAL COMPRESSION | 
OF TRACHEA CAUSING 
SLIGHT DYSPNEA _ 


Cross Section 


: of the Neck 
ne Showing Goiter 


Benign 
Prostatic 
Hyper- 
trophy 
e 


The Physiology 
of Urinary 
Excretion 


Tus film, consisting of one reel, was produced under 
the direction and supervision of Dr. J. Bentley Squier, Professor 
of Urology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York City. It presents one phase of the subject of 
prostatic hypertrophy and is composed almost entirely of ani- 
mated drawings. 

The normal anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract is 
shown in detail, to serve as a basis for later pathological con- 
siderations. A brief portrayal of the development of the pros- 


Sagittal Section 
of the 
Male Pelvis 


tate gland from its embryologic form of five lobes, is shown as 
an introduction to the subsequent gross pathology of prostatic 
hypertrophy and coincident urinary obstruction. The pathologic 
physiology as encountered in cases with urinary obstruction, is 
shown with considerable attention to detail, including difficulty 
of micturition, bladder residual, frequency, kidney damage and 
infection. The ultimate condition to be expected in cases with un- 
treated urinary obstruction is very graphically shown. 

Throughout the whole film the greatest attention to detail and 
scientific accuracy has been observed. Operative technique and 
treatment are not included. It is planned to make the subject 
complete by additional reels dealing with these aspects of the 
disease. 


See next page for rentals and purchase prices 


{15} 


Prices 


Eastman Medical Films are available in either the 
35 millimeter or the 16 millimeter width, on Safety Film only, 
which eliminates fire hazard. In the 35 millimeter width the films 
require a standard 35 millimeter projector. The 16 millimeter 
films may be best projected by means of one of the three widely 
used models of the Eastman Kodascope. These may be obtained 
from Ciné-Kodak dealers throughout the country. 
The films are distributed either on the basis of outright sale 
or on the rental plan. The prices follow: 


No. Rental Prices Sale Prices 
Film Reels 16mm. 35 mm. 16 mm. 35. mm. 

Diagnosis and Treatment of 
Infections of the Hand 3 $15.00 $40.00 $125.00 $250.00 
*Intestinal Peristalsis I 5.00 WA. 40:00: © "Agpasen 
Simple Goiter I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 
BenignProstaticHypertrophy 1 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 
**Indirect Inguinal Hernia 3 20.00 45.00 140.00 275.00 
ve a 4 2 15.00 35.00 95.00 190.00 
sid te I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 

The Technique of 

Blood Transfusion 2) 15.00 35.00 95.00 190.00 
Rabies I 3.75 9.00 25.00 50.00 
Ectopic Heart I 7.50 18.00 50.00 100.00 


*There will be no 35 millimeter prints of this film. 

*#*Since each reel of this picture is a complete unit in itself, 
any one of them, or any combination of them, can be used to ad- 
vantage. Purchase prices and rentals are therefore given for one, 
two, and three reels. Subject matter of the three reels: Reel 1— 
Anatomical Aspect of Hernia; Reel 2—Clinical Aspect of Hernia; 
Reel 3—Operative Technique of Hernia. 

EASTMAN TEACHING FILMS, Inc. 
Subsidiary of ? 


Eastman Kodak Company 
Rochester, N Y. 


{ 16 } 


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